ZookKeys 30 | : 5 1-99 (20 | 3) A peer-revi iewed open-access journal 1] doi: 10.3897/zookeys.30 1.4608 RESEARCH ARTICLE #Zookey WWW.ZOO keys.o rg Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription of Scorpiops jendeki Kovarik, 2000 (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae) from Yunnan (China) Zhiyong Di', Xiaobo Xu', Zhijian Cao', Yingliang Wu', Wenxin Li! I College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China Corresponding author: Wenxin Li (liwxlab@whu.edu.cn) Academic editor: W. Lourencgo | Received 29 December 2012 | Accepted 22 April 2013 | Published 17 May 2013 Citation: Di Z, Xu X, Cao Z, Wu Y, Li W (2013) Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription of Scorpiops jendeki Kovatik, 2000 (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae) from Yunnan (China). ZooKeys 301: 51-99. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.301.4608 Abstract Until now, there are 26 scorpion species of 7 genera of 5 families recorded in Xizang (China). Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibet) is the scorpion biodiversity richest area in China (53 scorpion species of 12 genera of 5 families), also the highest altitude habitat of scorpions in the world. We present information of type specimens, an identification key of the scorpion species from Xizang, the distribution, updated feature pictures, and discussion on the disputed species. The redescriptions of Scorpiops jendeki Kovatik, 2000 (Yunnan) and S. tibetanus Hirst, 1911 (Xizang), comments and feature figures of species of genus Scorpiops are provided for identification. Keywords Scorpions, Scorpiops, taxonomy, checklist, key, Tibet, Xizang Introduction Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region is located in southwest China (26°52'—36°32'N, 78°24'—99°06'E), about 1,228,400 km? (~12.5% of China), famous as the “Roof of the world”. Xizang facing Xinjiang and Qinghai to the north, Sichuan and Yunnan to the east, while India, Myanmar, Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and Kashmir to the south Copyright Zhiyong Di et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 52 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) and west (Bai, 2004). It is the main part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 m, its central part above 4,500 m. Scorpiops tibetanus Hirst, 1911 (Euscorpiidae) was the first scorpion species es- tablished by Xizang (China) specimens. Hirst (1911) described this new species by comparing it with some relatives briefly. Almost ninety years later, Kovarik (2000a and b) reported 2 new species: Chaerilus tryznai Kovatik, 2000 (Chaerilidae); Scorpiops margerisonae Kovatik, 2000 and 1 new record: Scorpiops hardwickii (Gervais, 1843). Zhu, Qi and Song (2004) summarized the historical scorpion records in China: totally 19 species and subspecies of scorpion s belonging to 9 genera and 5 families accord- ing to the relevant literatures, and presented the distribution information on species from Xizang: Heterometrus petersii (Thorell, 1876) (Scorpionidae) and Scorpiops petersii Pocock, 1893. From 2005, much more work on Xizang was finished. Kovarik (2005) described Euscorpiops novaki Kovatik, 2005 (Euscorpiidae). After scientific expedition, Qi, Zhu and Lourencgo (2005) published the first comprehensive report of scorpions from Xizang, discovered 6 new species belonging to Chaerilidae (Chaerilus) and Eu- scorpiidae (Euscorpiops and Scorpiops): Scorpiops atomatus Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005; Scorpiops langxian Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005; Scorpiops luridus Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005; Scorpiops pococki Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005; Euscorpiops karschi Qi, Zhu & Lourenco, 2005; and Chaerilus tessellatus Qi, Zhu & Lourenco, 2005. Lourenco, Qi and Zhu (2005) identified Mesobuthus songi Lourenco, Qi & Zhu, 2005 (Buthidae), and Heterometrus tibetanus Lourenco, Qi & Zhu, 2005. Lourenco and Qi (2006) es- tablished of a new genera by specimens from Xizang: Tibetiomachus Lourenco & Qi, 2006 (Hemiscorpiidae) and new species: Tibetiomachus himalayensis Lourenco & Qi, 2006. Bastawade (2006) reported 2 new species and 4 new records: Chaerilus dibang- valleycus Bastawade, 2006; Chaerilus pictus (Pocock, 1890); Chaerilus tricostatus Po- cock, 1899; Euscorpiops asthenurus (Pocock, 1900); Euscorpiops kamengensis Bastawade, 2006; Scorpiops leptochirus Pocock, 1893 by the specimens from South Xizang (China). Lourengo and Zhu (2008) discovered a new species belonging to /sometrus (Buthidae): I. (Reddyanus) tibetanus Lourengo & Zhu, 2008, at the same time, /sometrus was a new recorded genus to Xizang. Zhu, Han and Lourenco (2008) summarized the chaerilid scorpions of China, and provided the redescriptions for Chaerilus tessellatus Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005 and Chaerilus triznai Kovatik, 2000; pointed out that Chaerilus pictus (Pocock, 1890) which was described by Qi et al. (2005) was misidentified, and de- scribed one new species: Chaerilus conchiformus Zhu, Han and Lourengo, 2008, all of them from Xizang. Di and Zhu (2009a and b) established 2 new species: Scorpiops lha- sa Di & Zhu, 2009 and Chaerilus mainlingensis Di & Zhu, 2009 successively. Di and Zhu (2009c) described the male of Euscorpiops karschi firstly. Di et al. (2009) analysed the genus Chaerilus Simon, 1877 (Scorpiones: Chaerilidae) from China, described the female Chaerilus tricostatus Pocock, 1899 firstly (Chaerilus assamensis Kraepelin, 1913 was a wrong record in this paper). Di and Zhu (2010) provided the redescription of Scorpiops margerisonae Kovatik, 2000, and reported the female for the first time. Sun, Zhu and Lourenco (2010) accommodated Mesobuthus songi Lourenco, Qi & Zhu, Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 35 2005 in the genus Hottentotta, as a new combination Hottentotta songi (Lourengo, Qi & Zhu 2005). In the meantime, Teruel and Rein (2010) transferred Mesobuthus songi Lourengo, Qi & Zhu, 2005 to the genus Hottentotta (Buthidae) too. Recently, Kovatik (2012) reported five new species of genus Chaerilus, including a Xizang species Chaeri- lus wrzecionkoi Kovatik, 2012. Until now, twenty-six scorpion species of seven genera and five families were re- corded in Xizang, all of them distribute in south and the north shores of Yarlung Zangbo Jiang. All of the eight species of Chaerilus from China found in Xizang, 10 of 11 species of Scorpiops from China living in Xizang (others: Scorpiops jendeki Kovatik, 1994 found in Yunnan, one unnamed species of Scorpiops in Hubei see Di et al. 201 1a), 4 of 12 species of Euscorpiops from China found in Xizang (other 8 species in Yunnan; see Di et al. 2011b). The scientific expedition investigation of some areas of China has been finished basically which reflected in the papers (Qi et al, 2005; Shi et al, 2007; Zhang and Zhu, 2009; Di et al, 2009, 2010, 201 1a and b, 2012; Sun and Sun, 2011). Followed these reports, Xizang is the richest area in China in scorpion diversity. Material and methods Illustrations and measurements were produced using a Motic K-700L stereomicro- scope with an Abbe drawing device and an ocular micrometer. Measurements follow Sissom (1990), and are given in mm. Trichobothrial notations follow Vachon (1974) and morphological terminology mostly follows Hjelle (1990). Terminology of meta- somal carination follows Vachon (1952), Prendini (2000) and Soleglad and pedipalp chela carinae follow Sissom (2001) for. FKCP: private collection of F. Kovarik, Prague, Czech Republic; MHBU: Museum of the College of Life Sciences, Hebei Univer- sity, Baoding, China; MNHN: Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France; NCZS: National Collections, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India. NMPC: Na- tional Museum (Natural History), Prague, Czech Republic. Taxonomy Family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837 Buthidae: Fet & Lowe, 2000: 54—57; Soleglad & Fet, 2003: 89-91. Genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908 Hottentotta: Fet and Lowe, 2000: 134-135; Kovatik, 2007: 2—3, 8-10. Sun et al., 2010: 40. 54 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) Hottentotta songi (Lourenco, Qi & Zhu, 2005) http://species-id.net/wiki/Hottentotta_songi Mesobuthus songi Lourengo, Qi & Zhu, 2005: 3-8, figs 1-17, tab. 1. Hottentotta songi: Teruel & Rein, 2010: 7; Sun et al., 2010: 40-12, figs 25-29. Type specimens. Holotype, male; Paratypes, 9 males and 9 females, China, Xizang, south region of Pulan, low valley of the river Kongque He, near to the border with Nepal, 7/1931. Male holotype, 7 male and 8 female paratypes deposited in MNHN. 2 male and 1 female paratypes deposited in MHBU. Distribution. Burang County (Pulan Xian) (China). Genus Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 TIsometrus: Fet & Lowe, 2000: 146; Kovarik, 2003: 1-2, figs 1-8, tab. 1. Subgenus Reddyanus Vachon, 1972 Isometrus (Reddyanus): Fet & Lowe, 2000: 151; Kovarik, 2003: 5. Isometrus (Reddyanus) tibetanus Lourenco & Zhu, 2008 http://species-id.net/wiki/Isometrus_tibetanus Tsometrus (Reddyanus) tibetanus Lourenco & Zhu, 2008: 268-270, figs 14—26, 32, tab. 1. Type specimens. Holotype, male, China, Xizang Region of Chesu (?), 10/1970, Lind- berg leg., deposited in MHBU. Distribution. Chesu (?, China). Family Chaerilidae Pocock, 1893 Chaerilidae: Fet, 2000a: 323. Kovarik, 2000a: 40-41; Soleglad & Fet, 2003: 92. Genus Chaerilus Simon, 1877 Chaerilus: Fet, 2000a: 323; Kovartik, 2000a: 38; Kovarik, 2005: 1; Qi, Zhu & Louren- co, 2005: 29; Lourenco & Zhu, 2008: 462. Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 55 Chaerilus conchiformus Zhu, Han & Lourenco, 2008 http://species-id.net/wiki/Chaerilus_conchiformus Chaerilus pictus: Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005:34—38, figs126-144. Chaerilus conchiformus Zhu, Han & Lourengo, 2008: 38-44, figs1—21, tab.1. Type specimens. Holotype, female, China, Xizang, Nyingchi County, Bayi Town, 29°41'N, 94°21'E, 17/8/2002, Ming-Sheng Zhu leg.(Ar-—MHU-XZ0201); Paratype, 1 female juvenile, China, Xizang, Nyingchi County, Bayi town, 6/8/2003, Feng Zhang leg. (Ar—MHU-XZ0202); Paratypes, 6 females, China, Xizang, Nyingchi County, Baishuwang Town, 29°34'N, 94°30'E, 7/2006, Ming-Sheng Zhu, Xiao-Feng Yang and Long Liu leg.(Ar—MHU-XZ0601-0606); Paratype,1 male, China, Xizang, Mainling County, Pai Town, 29°12'N, 94°06' E, 30/7/2006, Zhu Ming-Sheng, Yang Xiao-Feng and Liu Long leg. (Ar—MHU-—XZ0102)(deposited in MHBU). Habitat. Under the stones in the farmland (highland barley) and forest (cypress). Distribution. Mainling County and Nyingchi County (China). Chaerilus dibangvalleycus Bastawade, 2006 http://species-id.net/wiki/Chaerilus_dibangvalleycus Chaerilus dibangvalleycus Bastawade, 2006: figs 1-16. Type specimens. Holotype, male; Paratypes, 5 females, 5 males and 2 young ones, China, Xizang, Dibangvalley District, Mayodia, 1800 Mts (deposited in NCZS). Other materials reported. 3 males and 4 females, 15/9/1991, D. B. Basta- wade leg.; 1 male, 16/9/1991, K.Alia leg.; 2 males and 1 female and 2 young ones, 17/9/1991, D. B. Bastawade leg. Distribution. Médog County (China). Chaerilus mainlingensis Di & Zhu, 2009 http://species-id.net/wiki/Chaerilus_mainlingensis Chaerilus mainlingensis Di & Zhu, 2009a: 97-102, figs 1-16. Type specimens. Holotype, female, China, Xizang, Mainling County, the Estate of Gongbuwang, 12/7/2008, Zhi-Yong Di and Guo-Dong Ren leg. (Ar-MHU- XZML0801); 1 female paratype, same data as holotype (Ar-MHU-XZML0802) (de- posited in MHBU). Habitat. Under the stones of mixed forest. Distribution. Mainling County (China). 56 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) Chaerilus pictus (Pocock, 1890) http://species-id.net/wiki/Chaerilus_pictus Chaerilus pictus: Fet, 2000a: 327; Kovarik, 2000a: 53-54; figs 21-22, 39, 42-43, tabs 1-2; Lourenco & Bernard, 2010: figs 30-31. Materials reported. Specific locality see Bastawade, 2006. Distribution. South Xizang (China); (Assam) India; (Silhet) Bangladesh. Chaerilus tessellatus Qi, Zhu & Lourenco, 2005 http://species-id.net/wiki/Chaerilus_tessellatus Chaerilus tessellatus Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005: 30, 34, figs 109-125; Zhu, Han & Lourengo, 2008: 44-47, figs 30-44, tab. 1. Type specimens. Holotype, female, China, Xizang, Médog County, Beibeng Town, 29°02'N, 95°03'E, 22/8/2003, Feng Zhang leg. (MHBU, Ar—MHU-XZ0301); 2 fe- male paratypes, China, Xizang, Bomi County, 29°08'N, 95°07'E, 14/8/2002, Ming- Sheng Zhu leg (MHBU, Ar—MHU-XZ0203; another deposited in MNHN); 1 fe- male paratype, China, Xizang, Médog County, 108K-8K, 17/8/2003, Feng Zhang leg. (MHBU, Ar.—MHU-XZ0302). Other materials reported. 1 female, China, Xizang, Bomi County, Mt. Sela, 3/8/2002, Ming-Sheng Zhu leg.(MHBU, Ar._MHU-XZ0204); 2 female juveniles. China, Xizang, Nyingchi County, Dongjiu villige, 21/9/2007, Fu-Ming Shi leg. (MHBU, Ar.-MHU-XZ0401-02). Distribution. Bomé County (Bomi), Médog County and Nyingchi County (China). Chaerilus tricostatus Pocock, 1899 http://species-id.net/wiki/Chaerilus_tricostatus Chaerilus tricostatus: Fet, 2000a: 327, Kovarik, 2000a: 61-62, figs 27—28, tabs 1-2; Di et al., 2009: 131-138; figs 1-18; tab. 1. Materials reported. 3 females, 1 female immature and 3 juveniles, China, Xizang, Médog County, elevation 1146m, 29°20'N, 95°20'E, 14/8/2009, Liging Fan leg. (Ar.- MWHU-XAMT0901-07; deposited in MWHU). Distribution. Médog County, South Xizang (China); (Assam) India. Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 57 Chaerilus tryznai Kovatik, 2000 http://species-id.net/wiki/Chaerilus_tryznai Chaerilus tryznai Kovatik, 2000a: 65-66, figs 32-33, tabs 1-2. Chaerilus tryznai: Zhu, Han & Lourengo, 2008: 47-51, figs 45-60, tab. 1. Type specimens. Holotype, male; Allotype and Paratype (No. 1), 2 females; Paratypes Nos. 2-12, 10 females and 1 immature, China, Xizang, Bomi County, 29°52' N, 95°45'E, 3000m, M. Tryzna & O. Safranek, FKCP. Other materials reported. China, Xizang, Médog County, 29°02’ N, 95°03’ E, Hanmi Village, 11/8/2006, 1 female, Zhi-Shun Song leg.(Ar—MHU-XZ0607) (in MHBU); China, Xizang, Médog County, Hanmi Village, 10/8/2006, 1 female, Zhi- Shun Song leg. Zhi-Shun Song leg. (Ar-MHU-—XZ0608) (deposited in MHBU). Habitat. Under the stones in the mixed forest. Distribution. Bomé County, Médog County (China). Comments. Five related species with close geographical distribution, C. assamensis: Kraepelin, 1913, C. conchiformus, C. dibangvalleycus, C. mainlingensis, and C. tryznai, all with 7-8 granulated cutting edges on the movable fingers of pedipalp (Bastawade, 2006; Di & Zhu, 2009; Kovarik, 2000a; Zhu, Han & Lourenco, 2008). C. assamensis was described by type specimen from Assam (India), its original description is poor (see Kraepelin, 1913). Kovatik (2000a: 69), who analysed the old reference, recorded three characters of C. assamensis: middle and lateral eyes present; 7-8 granulated cutting edges on the movable fingers of pedipalp; the anterior margin of carapace arched in males. Lourengo and Duhem (2010) thought C. trygnai, with few differences from C. assa- mensis, may prove to be conspecific. Both sexes of C. conchiformus, C. dibangvalleycus and C. tryznai have anterior margin truncated, but only females of C. mainlingensis have same anterior margin of carapace as C. dibangvalleycus. Except C. assamensis with poor information, other 4 species can be identified by the key provided in this paper. Chaerilus wrzecionkoi Kovatik, 2012 http://species-id.net/wiki/Chaerilus_wrzecionkoi Chaerilus wrzecionkoi Kovatik, 2012b: 11-13, figs 62-77. Type specimens. Holotype, allotype and paratypes, 2 males and 2 females, China, Xizang, Tomi (Tangmai), 30 km W of Donjung, 2075 m a.s.l., 23/6/2007, leg. A. Wrzecionko; FKCP. Distribution. Tangmai (Tongmai?), Tomi (Bomé County?) (China). Comments. C. wrzecionkoi are closest with C. mainlingensis Di & Zhu, 2009 and C. trygnai Kovatik, 2000. Both have manus and patella of pedipalp narrower and longer than other congeneric species. C. mainlingensis has four distinct carinae on the seventh sternite; C. wrzecionkoi has the seventh sternite granulated but without 58 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) carinae; manus of pedipalp in male narrow and long, chela length/width ratio in male higher than 3 in C. tryzgnai Kovatik, 2000, while manus of pedipalp in male robust and chela length/width ratio in adults lower than 2.6 in C. wrzecionkoi (see Kovatik, 2012). Family Euscorpiidae Laurie, 1896 Euscorpiidae: Fet & Sissom, 2000: 355; Soleglad & Fet, 2003: 105. Scorpiopidae: Fet, 2000d: 487; Kovarik, 2000b: 154. Genus Euscorpiops Vachon, 1980 Euscorpiops: Fet & Sissom, 2000: 488. Kovarik, 2000b: 154; Kovarik, 2005: 1, 4; Kovartik, 2012a: 1, 3. Euscorpiops asthenurus (Pocock, 1900) http://species-id.net/wiki/Euscorpiops_asthenurus Euscorpiops asthenurus: Fet, 2000d: 488. Scorpiops asthenurus: Kovatik, 2000b: 167, figs 15, 28, 31, tabs 1-3. Other materials reported. Specific locality see Bastawade, 2006. Distribution. South Xizang (China); Bhutan; (Assam, West Bengal, Sikkim) India. Euscorpiops kamengensis Bastawade, 2006 http://species-id.net/wiki/Euscorpiops_kamengensis Euscorpiops kamengensis Bastawade, 2006: 454, 456, 457, figs 17-26. Type specimens. Holotype, male; Paratype, 1 female immature, China, South Xi- zang, West Kameng, 7 Kms of Bomdilla, Sara village, 2500 mts. D. B. Bastawade leg. 18/9/1991 (deposited in NCZS). Distribution. South Xizang (China). Euscorpiops karschi Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005 http://species-id.net/wiki/Euscorpiops_karschi Euscorpiops karschi Lourenco, Zhu & Qi, 2005: 25, figs 94-108. Di & Zhu, 2009b: 11-15, figs 1-27, tab. 1. Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 59 Type specimens. Holotype, female, China, Xizang, Zayii district, Xia Zayii town (28°30'N, 97°00'E), 8/8/2002, Ming-Sheng Zhu leg. (MHBU, Ar.-MHBU-XZ- ZY0201). Paratypes: 2 females and 2 immature males, same data as holotype (one female in MHBU, Ar-MHBU-XZZY0202); one female in MNHN, Ar.-MNBU- XZZY0203). Other materials reported. 1 male, China, Xizang, Zayii district, Xia Zayii town (28°30’ N, 97°00’ E), 2/10/2007, Fu-Ming Shi leg. (MHBU, Ar.-MHBU- XZZY0701); female, China, Xizang, Zayti district, Shang Zayii town, 23/8/2005, Zhi-Shun Song leg. (MHBU, Ar.-MHBU-XZZY0501). Distribution. Zayii County (Zayii district, Chayu district) (China). Euscorpiops novaki Kovatik, 2005 http://species-id.net/wiki/Euscorpiops_novaki Euscorpiops novaki Kovatik, 2005: 4, 6, figs 8, 11, 15-16, tab. 1. Type specimens. Holotype, male, China, Xizang, Bomi County (29°52' N, 95°45'E), ca 3000 m, 1988, P. Rojek leg., FKCP. Distribution. Bomé County (China). Genus Scorpiops Peters 1861 Scorpiops: Fet, 2000d: 491; Kovarik, 2000b: 162, 164, 166; Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005: 2; Di & Zhu, 2009: 40; Di et al., 2011b, 1-2. Kovarik, 2009: 1. Scorpiops atomatus Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005 http://species-id.net/wiki/Scorpiops_atomatus Figures 1-21, Table 1 Scorpiops atomatus Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005: 6-10, figs 16-31. Type specimens. Holotype, male, China, Xizang, Lang district (29.02°N, 93.08°E), 7-8/2004, Ai-Min Shi and Yi-Bin Ba leg. (MHBU). Paratypes: 3 females, 1 male, same data as holotype (2 females in MHBU, 1 female and 1 male in MNHN); I male, Chi- na, Xizang, Chayu district, Xia Zayii town (28.4°N, 97.0°E), 7/8/2002, Ming-Sheng Zhu leg. (MHBU?); 2 females, China, Xizang, Lang district (29.02°N, 93.08°E), 20 August 2002, Ming-Sheng Zhu leg. (MHBU?); 1 male, China, Xizang, Gyaca district (29.1°N, 92.7°E), 21/8/2002, Ming-Sheng Zhu leg. (MHBU?); 1 male, lfemale, 22 August 2002, other data same as above (MHBU?). 60 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) Table |. Measurements (in mm) of Scorpiops atomatus, Scorpiops langxian and Scorpiops luridus. BR tae Scorpiops atomatus Scorpiops langxian Scorpiops luridus Sex Male Female HT(MHBU) | PT(MHBU) | HT(MHBU) | PT(MHBU) | HT(MHBU) | PT(MHBU) Total length 86.7 75.1 Carapace: -Length 6.2 6.4 rere Fo) i be 10.2 - Posterior width G5 6.2 8.4 mo 10.6 92 Metasomal segment I: - Width 2.4 2.4 3.8 353 4.5 4.1 - Depth 2.0 L9 fo Falk 2.8 Se7 oe Metasomal segment II: - Length 249 26 4.7 4.3 4.9 4.2 - Depth 1.8 Nise 2:9 2.8 Bill Sal Metasomal segment III: - Width 2.0 2.0 Re om | 3.8 Bes - Depth 1.8 2.0 3.0 2.6 3.6 el Metasomal segment IV - Length 3.6 3.1 5.7 Die. 7.8 6.4 - Depth 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.6 ore feral Metasomal segment V - Width 1.8 2.0 2 2.6 pee 2a Telson: - Width 2.0 1 Bhs ed 3.0 4.6 4.0 - Depth 2.0 1.8 3.4 2.7 4.6 3.8 Pedipalp femur: - Width 2.6 2.4 256 27. 3.8 Day - Depth 1.9 1.9 24 2.4 2.6 2.6 Pedipalp patella: - Width 2.8 Oe Jel 3.1 4.5 4.1 - Depth 24D aS say | Yee 3.8 3.8 Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 61 @enct Se Scorpiops atomatus Scorpiops langxian Scorpiops luridus S Male Female * HT(MHBU) | PT(MHBU) | HT(MHBU) | PT(MHBU) | HT(MHBU) | PT(MHBU) Chela - Length (chela) 10.0 ie, 11.2 11. ae] 250) 20.0 lcneth 12.0 10.2 (manus) - Width 4,4 4p): 6.2 fait al 8 7S 6.4 - Depth 3.0 2: ee" 4, oa Tame | 2 Dradh 4.6 Movable finger- Leneth 11.5 9.8 Pectinal teeth Partie leie tars Distribution. Gyaca County, Nang County (Lang district, Langxian district), Zayti County (China). Comments. Kovatik & Ahmed (2009: 10) provided a list of S. hardwickii (Ger- vais, 1843) “complex”, which included 12 species, containing S. atomatus. Di et al. (201 1a) summarized the characters of S. hardwickii “complex” and excluded S. atoma- tus with the reasons as followed: (1) pectinal teeth count is 9-11 in S. atomatus, and 4-8 in S. hardwickii (Kovatik, 2000: 178); (2) ventral trichobothria on patella num- ber is 9 in S. atomatus, and 6-8 in S. hardwickii (Kovatik, 2000: 176); (3) fulcra are present in S. atomatus but absent in S. hardwickii. In addition, S. atomatus has clearly thinner chela than S. pococki and S. langxian. Scorpiops hardwickii (Gervais, 1843) http://species-id.net/wiki/Scorpiops_hardwickii Scorpiops hardwickii: Kovatik, 2000b: 175-179, figs 14, 46, 56, 57. Scorpiops hardwickii hardwickii: Fet, 2000d: 492. Materials reported. 1 male, 3 females and 3 juveniles, China, Xizang, Nyaingen- tangha Mts, Lhasa, 3800m, V. Major leg. FKCP. Distribution. Lhasa, Xizang (China); (Himachal, Uttar, Jammu, Kashmir, Pun- jab) India; Nepal; Pakistan. Comments. The list of S. hardwickii (Gervais, 1843) “complex”, provided by Kovartk & Ahmed (2009: 10), containing 12 species widely distributed in Asia. Di et al. (201 1a) summarized the characters of S. hardwickii “complex”: (1) color red brown to dark brown; (2) total length about 45-80 mm in adults; (3) fingers of pedipalps very strongly flexed (curved) in males, slightly flexed (undulated) in females; (4) ventral trichobothria on patella number 6-8; (5) pectinal teeth number 4—9; (6) length/width ratio of chela about 1.8—2.1; (7) fulcra absent; (8) patella with two small spinoid granules on the internal aspect. 62 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) Figure |. Habitus of Scorpiops atomatus, male, holotype, dorsal view. Scorpiops langxian Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005 http://species-id.net/wiki/Scorpiops_langxian Figures 22—42, Table 1 Scorpiops langxian Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005: 10-18, figs 32-46. Type specimens. Holotype, male, China, Xizang, Lang district (29°02’N, 93°08’E), 7-8/2004, Ai-Min Shi and Yi- Bin Ba leg. (MHBU); Paratypes 1 female, 1 male same Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 63 ae 5 3 oi oa = an hy *, 9, 22° “sap an59 BoP VID» 97227779997? 9 3%? ‘ wax ae 4 a ‘ ; » Po a300-. wt te Be DEBS oT ee y5 5 p> . ° Bate” is Ed Te ha BI 11 ~ _— PREC fsa Pm Bl a el a one ar alae ae ee & : a rt a 2 pipet waa gc eit oe : Phenne c . ¥ «¢ e © es * “4 * gt are: 6 ' «* Fi a oa * 4 OF os ‘a =” «< “ " © ¢ f Rigs Mee ee se" & a i i: £ €y ea Cao. E etay y «os ¢ .c © © 6 ar . ° ee a ae a > i nt ie Lb 5 3493 » oe, Je aaa 12 13 Figures 2-13. Scorpiops atomatus, male, holotype. 2 Carapace 3=4 Chelicera, dorsal and ventral aspects 5 Lateral eyes 6 Genital operculum and pectines 7 Femur dorsal aspect 8=10 Patella dorsal, external and ventral aspects | | Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect 12 Telson, lateral aspect 13 Dentate margin of movable finger, showing rows of granules. 64 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) aes t 5 Fe he fal. ne 755 22 3 57. te a . o oe ty * & 8 nd od Wea o ache aoa lt ae ae PAID a So i eee 3957 52279 2 * z ~~ ne OE eee eee e % e a : > Pan Mie | o 5% a A AAD Maa 5 Figures 14-17. Scorpiops atomatus, male, holotype. Chela (left) dorsal, external, ventral and internal aspects 18=21 Scorpiops atomatus, female, paratype. Chela dorsal, external, ventral and internal aspects. data as holotype (MHBU); 1 female, China, Xizang, Nyingchi district (29°34’N, 94.30°E), Baishuwang town, 21/8/ 2003, Feng Zhang leg. (MNHN). Distribution. Nang County, Nyingchi County (China). Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 65 Figure 22. Habitus of Scorpiops lanexian, male, holotype, dorsal view. Comments. Kovatik & Ahmed (2009: 10) provided a list of S. hardwickii (Ger- vais, 1843) “complex”, which contained 12 species, including S. dangxian, and its fea- tures accord with the summary of Di et al (201 1a). Scorpiops leptochirus Pocock, 1893 http://species-id.net/wiki/Scorpiops_leptochirus Scorpiops leptochirus Pocock, 1893: Fet & Sissom, 2000b: 493. Materials reported. Specific locality see Bastawade, 2006. Distribution. South Xizang (China); Bangladesh; (Meghalaya, Assam) India. 66 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) a . * ss Lie 5 wate. en . a oe Fe . +” oa & STI ae op ee Tey aa c a. al ee ‘ ef CL. “ Sa ee cgi i oy Cece ar é [= & - %& es uv & et AI tit, Ct Figures 23-34. Scorpiops langxian, male, holotype. 23 Carapace 24=25 Chelicera, dorsal and ventral aspects 26 Lateral eyes 27 Genital operculum and pectines 28 Femur dorsal aspect 29-31 Patella dorsal, external and ventral aspects 32 Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect 33 Telson, lateral aspect 34 Dentate margin of movable finger, showing rows of granules. Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 67 Figures 35-38. Scorpiops langxian, male, holotype. Chela dorsal, external, ventral and internal aspects 39-42 Scorpiops langxian, female, paratype. Chela dorsal, external, ventral and internal aspects. Scorpiops lhasa Di & Zhu, 2009 http://species-id.net/wiki/Scorpiops_lhasa Scorpiops lhasa Di & Zhu, 2009c: 40-47, figs 1-33, tab. 1. Type specimens. Holotype, female, China, Xizang, Lhasa banlieue, elevation about 3700m, 10/7/2008, Zhi-Yong Di leg (Ar.-MHU-XZLS0801); paratypes: 1 female and 68 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) 1 female juvenile, 2 males and 1 male juvenile, same data as holotype (Ar.-MHU- XZLS0802—0806) (deposited in MHBU). Habitat. Under the stones of barren mountain. Distribution. Lhasa (China). Scorpiops luridus Qi, Zhu & Lourenco, 2005 http://species-id.net/wiki/Scorpiops_luridus Figures 43-63, Table 1 Scorpiops luridus Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005: 2-6, figs 1-15. Type specimens. Holotype, male, China, Xizang, Lang district (29°02’ N, E.93°08’ E), 2/8/2002, Ming-Sheng Zhu leg. (deposited in MHBU). Paratypes: 2 females, same data as holotype (One is deposited in MHBU, the other in MNHN). Habitat. Under the stones of barren mountain. Distribution. Nang County (China). Comments. S. /uridus is the absolute offbeat member of Scorpiops: large body, pale yellow color, strong chelas and swollen telson. We checked other specimens (1 male and 1 female, from Shannan Prefecture, Xizang) and the type specimens, confirmed the distinctive color of this species not because of the immature age after molting. Scorpiops margerisonae Kovatik, 2000 http://species-id.net/wiki/Scorpiops_margerisonae Scorpiops margerisonae Kovaitk, 2000b: 189, figs 66, 70, tabs 1-3; Di & Zhu, 2010: 1-8, figs 1-23, tabs 1-2. Type specimens. Holotype, male, China, Xizang, FKCP. Other materials reported. 1 male, 1 female (Ar.-MHBU-XZLX060137, Ar.-MHBU-XZLX060138) and 7 juveniles., Langxian District, China, Xizang, 4/8/2006, leg. Ming-Sheng Zhu; 5 males (Ar.-MHBU-XZND060188, Ar.-MHBU- XZND060218, Ar.-MHBU-XZLX060238, Ar.-MHBU-XZLX060245, Ar.-MHBU- XZLX060246), 4 females (Ar.-MHBU-XZND060189, Ar.-MHBU-XZND0 60219, Ar.-MHBU-XZLX060220, Ar.-MHBU-XZLX06 0247), 1 female (imm.) (Ar.-MH- BU-XZLX060248) and 5 juveniles, Naidong District, China, Xizang, 9/8/2006, leg. Ming-Sheng Zhu. Habitat. Found under stones. Distribution. Nang County, Nédong County (Naidong district) (China). Comments. S. margerisonae was established by Kovarik (2000b) just using 1 male specimens. Its most important character provided by Kovarik (2000b) is the highest Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 69 Sagat tT QS. iat ate Figure 43. Habitus of Scorpiops luridus, male, holotype, dorsal view. numer of pectinal teeth (12-13). Although the original description is poor, we can find another valuable information: S. margerisonae has a pair strong chelas with rectan- gular manus (with big granules in surface). Di & Zhu (2010) redescribed S. marger- isonae and reported its female for the first time, and changed its pectinal teeth numer characters as a range 8—10 in females, 9-13 in males. 70 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) £ < ze i ao eae *. € : Seg see Ok DEE I IN v oben ae oe —_ AER ek a ne ee ae De eR RI ey A eg MAA Aa AVA) a Dna a oT a eo a ~ woe . oan ie cbab i514 ae ee ar ke RS, 5 aay oS - mS > . * a 2 > = Barc ge ae abn 5 ie Fp: 5 Ee at, ee hie tit mak ~. of ee eS SG * ate se ae ee a el ee tea a iw eke % 2 : ae pe we, Ne ee et ee Figures 44-54. Scorpiops luridus, male, holotype. 44 Carapace 45-46 Chelicera, dorsal and ventral aspects 47 Lateral eyes 48 Genital operculum and pectines 49 Femur dorsal aspect 50-52 Patella dorsal, external and ventral aspects 53 Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect 54 Telson, lateral aspect. ial Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... cate Save r f * hae: 7, ‘. on anaadeeed . - 4 ae ay ze eee & it ‘ . ‘ ‘ i os vid Meee anette ee Me, eee” & Se. wt « « 50 showing rows J holotype. 55 Dentate margin of movable finger Figures 55-59. Scorpiops luridus, male, of granules 56-59 Chela dorsal paratype. Chela dorsal, external female, external, ventral and internal aspects 60-63 Scorpiops luridus, > ventral and internal aspects. 24 72 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) Scorpiops petersii Pocock, 1893 http://species-id.net/wiki/Scorpiops_petersii Table 2 Scorpiops petersii: Kovatik, 2000b: 192-194, figs 35, 42, tabs 1-3; Fet, 2000d: 494. Distribution. Xizang (China); Bhutan; (Assam, Himachal, Uttar, Kashmir, Megha- laya, Sikkim) India; Pakistan. Comments. S. petersii Pocock, 1893 has a simple original description. Kishida (1939: 45) recorded this species distributed in Xizang and Xikang (western Sichuan and east- ern Tibet of China). Kovarik (2000b) examined the lectotype and many specimens but thought it is necessary to re-evaluate the characters used in distinguishing this species from others in the genus scorpiops (Kovarik, 2000b: 193). We cannot distinguish S. petersii with S. hardwickii (Gervais, 1843) “complex” by the diagnostic characters provided by Kovarik (2000b: 193): total length is up to 75mm; male has finger of pedipalps strongly flexed; 17 external (5 eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 4 et) and 7, or rarely 6 or 8 ventral trichobothria on the patella; pectinal teeth number 4-9. We checked Scorpiops sp (1 adult and 1 immature females and 1 immature male and 1 juvenile, Lhasa, 4/7/2008, Zhiyong DI leg, kept in MHBU), its adult female: body length 80.1mm (Figs 85—101; table 2), very strong; ventral trichobothria on patella number 7 (with other: rarely 6 or 8); pectinal teeth number 4-9; a swollen telson. Except the unusual body length can let us conjecture the specimens from Lhasa maybe S. petersii, all of other features shared by S. hardwickii and S. petersii. We no- ticed body length is an important character but it like the pectinal teeth number and patella ventral trichobothria number, all of them are some ranges and few exceptions are normal. We can’t confirm any of these characters in one species if checked just few specimens. Here, we add it to S. hardwickii (Gervais, 1843) “complex” group. We checked an immature female (locality is Uttaranchal, India; identified as S. petersii by Kovarik). And confirm the diagnosis of S. petersii as follows: (1) male chela length to width ratio about 2.6, and about 2.5 in female (see Kovartk, 2000b: tab. 1); (2) male has finger of pedipalps strongly flexed; (3)17 external (5 eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 4 et) and 7, or rarely 6 or 8 ventral trichobothria on the patella; (4) pectinal teeth number 4~9; (5) total length above 65mm. ‘The first character is the key difference between S. petersii and S. hardwickii (Gervais, 1843) “complex” group. Scorpiops pococki Qi, Zhu & Lourenco, 2005 http://species-id.net/wiki/Scorpiops_pococki Figures 64—84, Table 3 Scorpiops pococki Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005: 14-18, figs 47-61. Type specimens. Holotype, male, China, Xizang, Gyaca district (29°08'N, 92°43'E), 22/8/2002, Ming-Sheng Zhu leg. (MHBU); paratypes: 7 females and 4males, same data as holotype (1 female and 1 male in MNHN, the others in MHBU); 1 female, Chi- 73 iption... ith the redescr ) from Xizang w 20NES, Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorp Figure 64. Habitus of Scorpiops pococki, male, holotype, dorsal view. 74 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) Table 2. Measurements (in mm) of Scorpiops petersii, Scorpiops sp (Lhasa) and Scorpiops tibetanus. * Data from Kovatik, 2000b. Species : .., |Scorpiops sp| Scorpiops Contents DEOTTIODS POISE (Lhasa) tibetanus Scorpiops tibetanus* Sey Male Female Female Female Male HT | Female LT(BMNH) | AT(NHMB) | (XZLS0801) | (XZSH0601) | (BMNH)| (FKCP) Total length Carapace: -Length 8.8 8.3 10.2 Fie - Anterior width i) - Posterior width 8.0 8.7 10.8 TSE Metasomal segment I: - Length 35 ee 4.3 27 - Width 35 3.6 4,4 Oak - Depth 3.6 Metasomal segment I: - Length 41 3.6 5.6 3.2 - Width 3.0 3.4 4.0 2.4 05 pia: - Depth 3.6 Dil Metasomal segment III: - Length 44 4.1 6.1 3.6 - Width 2.8 3.3 3.7 2.7 - Depth 3.6 Za Metasomal segment IV - Length 5.0 4.4 6.5 3.8 502 4.2 - Width 2.6 3.0 3.5 2.5 - Depth Dep 2.0 Metasomal segment V - Length 8.2 ea | LOSS 6.0 8.1 6.7 - Width 25 2.8 By. 2.0 XD) 2.4 - Depth oy el aes oe Telson: - Length 8.7 TS 10.2 5.6 7.6 6.7 - Width 4.1 baad: - Depth re ee Pedipalp femur: - Length ie: 6.6 7 5.4 - Width 3 3x0 3.6 2.4 - Depth 3.3 Pedipalp patella: - Length fe 7.0 8.2 4.5 5.8 5.8 - Width 3.4 3.1 35 Ways 25 25 - Depth 4.0 2.6 Chela - Length (chela) 15.1 13.8 16.5 12.5 - Length (manus) Sel 5.6 Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... i) eat Male Female Female Female LT(BMNH) | AT(NHMB) cxZ1.S0800 scsi ape Kcr - Width 5.8 535 - Depth ; 3, —2— Movable finger-Length To 8.1 O59) 7.0 Pectinal teeth (left/right)| 5/5 7I7 5/5 7I7 8/7 na, Xizang, Zayti district, Xia Zayii town (28°30'N, 97°00'E), 7/8/2002, Ming-Sheng Zhu leg.; Imale, China, Xizang, Ny-ingchi district (29°34'N, 94°30'E), 2/8/2002, Ming- Sheng Zhu leg., 2 females, 3 males, 17/8/2002, other data same as above; 3 females, China, Xizang, Nédong district (29°11'N, 91°48'E), 15/8/2002, Ming-Sheng Zhu leg.; 1 male, China, Xizang, Xigazé (29°16'N, 88°51'E), 7/9/2002, Ming-Sheng Zhu leg.; 3 females, China, Xizang, Lhasa (29°39'N, 91°08'E), 23/8/2003, Feng Zhang leg.(deposited in MHBU). Distribution. Gyaca County, Nédong County, Nyingchi County, Zayii County, Lhasa (China). Comments. Kovatik & Ahmed (2009: 10) provided a list of S. hardwickii (Ger- vais, 1843) “complex”, including S. pococki. S. pococki’s features accord with the sum- mary of Di et al (2011a). We provided the figures of the type specimen of S. pococki and other members from Xizang. Scorpiops tibetanus Hirst, 1911 http://species-id.net/wiki/Scorpiops_tibetanus Figures 102—118, Table 2 Scorpiops tibetanus Hirst, 1911: 472-473; Kovaitk, 2000b: 197, figs 47, 68, 69, tab. 1—3; Fet, 2000d: 495. Type locality. China, Xizang, Tsangpo Valley, Chaksam Ferry. Type material. Holotype, male. L. A. Wadell leg. BMNH, No. 1911. 8. 10. 1. Material examined. 1 female and 5 juveniles, China, Xizang, Shigatse City, around the Zhabulun Temple, 13/8/2006, Xiao-Feng Yang leg, (MHBU, Ar.- MHBU - XZSH0601-6). Diagnosis. Adult body length about 45—65 mm. Mainly color uniformly reddish- black. Male has finger of pedipalps more flexed and manus shorter and broader than the female. 17 external trichobothria (5 eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 4 et) and 7—10 ventral trichobothria (usually 9) on the patella. Pectinal teeth number 5-11. Comments. In Kovatik & Ahmed’s list of S. hardwickii (Gervais, 1843) “com- plex”(2009: 10) : containing S. tibetanus Hirst, 1911. Hirst (1911) did not provide a detailed description except the brief comparison with S. austerus Hirst, 1911 (syn- 76 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) te ce c * ro cee & ; Oo ote oP a eos ° . oe! eee ar 3 ee, e 4 pate oe! ee POCO, oe a ay Gag a fala mee aCe ~~ & tee" co ~e& ©%& ® 6 ce a as ee eo eee eee Figures 65-76. Scorpiops pococki, male, holotype. 65 Carapace 66-67 Chelicera, dorsal and ventral aspects 68 Lateral eyes 69 Genital operculum and pectines 70 Femur dorsal aspect 71-73 Patella dorsal, external and ventral aspects 74 Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect 75 Telson, lateral aspect 76 Dentate margin of movable finger, showing rows of granules. Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 77 "4 aa Os», Sea FIV» sary - 4 ao 7 3999 2234379 ae | me 5. Sia ——" ‘a P panera: = ae ~ 9 i bah 90) es SS Figures 77-84. Scorpiops pococki. 11-80 male, holotype. Chela dorsal, external, ventral and internal aspects 81-84 female, paratype. Chela dorsal, external, ventral and internal aspects. onymized with S. hardwickii by Tikader & Bastawade, 1983: 418) and S. crassimanus Pocock, 1899 (synonymized with S. hardwickii by Kovatik, 2000b: 175). Kovarik (2000b) examined the holotype (male) of S. tibetanus and recorded some important information: (1) total length is 5|0-65mm; (2) male has finger of pedipalps more flexed and manus shorter and broader than the female; (3) 17 external trichobothria (5 ed, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 4 et) and 7-10 ventral trichobothria (usually 9) on the patella; (4) 78 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) Figure 85. Habitus of Scorpiops sp. (hardwickii “complex”) from Lhasa, female, dorsal view. Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 79 c Sgcceed ss The. € eee CRE cecuke nig ey Pret: * ie S| ween! ° © eae oe eee Figures 86-97. Scorpiops sp. (hardwickii “complex”) from Lhasa, female. 86 Carapace 87-88 Cheli- cera, dorsal and ventral aspects 89 Lateral eyes 90 Genital operculum and pectines 91 Femur dorsal aspect 92—94 Patella dorsal, external and ventral aspects 95 Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect 96 Tel- son, lateral aspect 97 Dentate margin of movable finger, showing rows of granules. 80 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) 922333 Eee! eit ees 0°. a a rar wn LY, See ae ‘a 7° _& " & et ct On p. a? Ss of iG noe (ad = 29,? 3 Figures 98-101. Scorpiops sp. (hardwickii “complex”) from Lhasa, female. Chela dorsal, external, ven- tral and internal aspects. pectinal teeth number 5-11. Di et al. (2011a) excluded S. tibetanus from Kovaitk’s S. hardwickii “complex” as followed reasons: (1) ventral trichobothria on patella in S. tibetanus number 7-10 (usually 9, in one young out of 37 specimens, 7 on one side; Kovarik, 2000b: 196), 6-8 in S. hardwickii “complex”; (2) pectinal teeth number is 5-11 (usually 7-11) in S. tibetanus, 4—9 in S. hardwickii (usually 5—7). Description. (based on female specimens: Ar.- MHBU - XZSH0601). Coloration: red brown mainly. Carapace dark red brown. Median and lateral ocular tubercles black. Tergites mostly red brown to dark brown. Metasoma segments dark red brown to dark brown. Vesicle red brown with a reddish aculeus. Chelicerae yellow brown with fingers dark red brown gradually lighter toward the tip. Pedipalp femur and patella dark red brown, chela manus and fingers red brown. Legs red brown with yellow brown tarsi. Tarsal ungues yellowish brown. Sternum, genital operculum and sternites pale brown. Pec- tines yellowish. Morphology. Prosoma: Carapace with sparse, coarse granules (Fig. 103); lateral fur- row broad; anterior median furrow broad and moderately deep; posterior median fur- row deep; margin behind lateral eyes with granules, other margins smooth. Median eyes situated anteriorly compared to center of carapace; three pairs of lateral ocelli, posterior smallest (Figs 103, 106). Median ocular tubercle with granules and a pair of big median eyes and a median furrow. Lateral ocular tubercle with some granules. Mesosoma: Tergites sparsely covered with coarse and big granules, posterior part of tergites with bigger granules; tergites [II-VI with a median carina; tergite VII with two pairs of lateral carinae (shaped by bigger granules); tergites margin smooth. Pectinal Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 81 Figure 102. Habitus of Scorpiops tibetanus from Shigatse, female, dorsal view. teeth count 7/7, fulcra present (Fig. 107). Sternum quinquangular. Genital operculum subtriangular. Sternites smooth and shiny; segment VII with 4 smooth ventral carinae and few granules. 82 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) ee Se a Sig, tS sineeie ¢ * 3 Seeyec€CSCOce “ee 1 c) i! / 7 oO << @ toad Pee Se Eemed > o& Ec Se eZ Ci oce ceri. ; Toros Figures 103-113. Scorpiops tibetanus from Shigatse, female. 103 Carapace 104-105 Chelicera, dor- sal and ventral aspects 106 Lateral eyes 107 Genital operculum and pectines 108 Femur dorsal aspect 109-111 Patella dorsal, external and ventral aspects 112 Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect 113 Tel- son, lateral aspect. Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 83 — Se el ao ~ = -~ Ct eke) were” TT et OT € AST AaA Rana ° 2.7 ey, sa ee. Bey = 2 ; t 0 ¢ 4 = i “tf B * Cc @éc e < 2 % c Ae: " e rf foo. ; ae : Be eae ve 8 ie ¢ Go ue GE: c *@. + Ria, ot Oe ies Nae ae eG . pees. o o c bes at _ o%ga oF c . ot t Fa) ti OF c t § at e I ro oe a } a as Bee x © ne b ‘ a 114 115 116 Figures 114-118. Scorpiops tibetanus from Shigatse, female. 114 Dentate margin of movable finger, showing rows of granules | 15—118 Chela dorsal, external, ventral and internal aspects. Metasoma: Tegument coarse. Segments II to V longer than wide; segments I to V with respectively 10-8-8-8-7 carinae, segments I-IV with a pair of vestigial lateral carinae; all dorsal carinae crenulate, slightly stronger distally; segment V cari- nae with smaller granules dorsally and larger serration ventrally. Vesicle with few setae and granules. Pedipalps: Tegument coarse. Femur with external, dorsointer- nal, dorsoexternal, ventrointernal, ventroexternal and internal carinae granulated; tegument with scattered granules dorsally (Fig. 108) and smooth ventrally. Patella with dorsointernal, dorsoexternal, ventrointernal, ventroexternal and external cari- nae with big granules; two large spinoid granules present on the internal aspect; tegument with some granules. Trichobothrial pattern C, neobothriotaxic (Vachon 1974); patella with 17 external trichobothria (5 eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 4 et), 9 ven- tral trichobothria (Figs 109-111). Chela with length/width ratio: 2.2-2.5 in adult females and 2.0 in male (holotype, Kovarik, 2000b: 161. tab. 1). Chela with dorsal marginal, external secondary, and ventrointernal carinae granulated (Figs 115-118); ventrointernal carina with some big granules; tegument with granules; female fingers scalloped with a pronounced lobe in the movable finger and a corresponding notch in fixed finger, lobe and corresponding notch reduced to absent in females. The male has fingers of pedipalps more flexed and manus shorter and broader than the female (Kovatik, 2000b: 196). Chelicerae: Tegument smooth. Tibia smooth. Movable finger with 4 teeth on dorsal edge, 5teeth on ventral edge. Fixed finger with 3 teeth on dorsal edge (Figs 104, 105). 84 Table 3. Measurements (in mm) of Scorpiops pococki, and Scorpiops jendeki. * Data from Kovarik, 2000b. Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) Scorpiops pococki *Scorpiops jendeki Scorpiops jendeki ae Male Female Male Female Female HT(MHBU) | PT(MHBU) | (FKCP) | HT(FKCP) | (YNLLO801) | (YNLL0802) Total length 22.8 20.8 Carapace: -Length 3.1 29 16 - Posterior width 6.3 Fae: 4.8 5D): Bhs) cs Metasomal segment I: - Length ipa - Width 1.5 - Depth 1.3 Metasomal segment II: - Length 1.4 - Width 1.3 - Depth 1.1 Metasomal segment III: - Length 1.6 - Width ie - Depth Lal Metasomal segment IV - Length 2.8 - Width ia - Depth 1.0 Metasomal segment V - Length Day - Width Shee - Depth 0.8 Telson: - Length 3.0 - Width I Fes - Depth 0.9 Pedipalp femur: - Length 2y1 - Width 1.0 - Depth 0.9 Pedipalp patella: - Length 2.4 Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 85 Contents gl Scorpiops pococki *Scorpiops jendeki Scorpiops jendeki Sex Male Female Male Female Female HT(MHBU) | PT(MHBU) | (FKCP) (YNLL0802) - Width = - Depth 10 Chela - Length (chela) 4] - Length (manus) 16 - Width 18 - Depth 12 Movable finger- _ ne: 2.8 diets ‘ Beg 9/10 5/5 4/4 4/4 4/4 Legs: Tegument coarsely granular dorsally, except basitarsi and telotarsi, smooth ventrally. Trochanters with few setae. Femur dorsal surface with few small granules, external surface with a granular carina, internal surface with two granular carinae. Patella internally with a dentate carina. Tibia with few setae and small granules, without spurs. Basitarsi with some spinules, few setae and 2 lateral pedal spurs. Tarsi ventrally with one row of short spinules and few setae. Tarsal ungues curved and hook-like. Variation. Both sexes with coloration and morphology very similar to holotype. Sexual dimorphism: adult males, with more pronounced lobes on the movable fingers of the chela, and a more pronounced notch in the fixed finger and bigger pectinal teeth than females. Measurements in Table 2. Ecology. This species was collected from barren mountain. They were found under stones. Distribution. Tsangpo Valley and Xigazé (standard notation of Shigatse) (China). Family Hemiscorpiidae Pocock, 1893 Ischnuridae: Fet, 2000b: 383. Liochelidae: Fet & Bechly, 2001: 1-2. Liochelidae: Soleglad & Fet, 2003: 112-113. Hemiscorpiidae: Soleglad, Fet & Kovarik, 2005: 1. Genu [ibetiomachus Lourenco & Qi, 2006 Tibetiomachus Lourenco & Qi, 2006: 291. 86 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) Tibetiomachus himalayensis Lourengo & Qi, 2006 http://species-id.net/wiki/Tibetiomachus_himalayensis Tibetiomachus himalayensis Lourengo & Qi, 2006: 291-294, figs 1, 2, 5-26. Type specimens. Holotype, female, China, Xizang, Guerla Mandhata, ~4600 m, 7/1939 (Italian expedition leg) (deposited in MNHN). Habitat. In soil under rocks. Distribution. Guerla Mandhata (China). Family Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802 Scorpionidae: Fet, 2000c: 427-428. Soleglad & Fet, 2003: 113-114. Genus Heterometrus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828 Heterometrus: Fet, 2000c: 431; Lourenco, Qi & Zhu, 2005: 9. Heterometrus tibetanus Lourenco, Qi & Zhu, 2005 http://species-id.net/wiki/Heterometrus_tibetanus Heterometrus tibetanus Lourengo, Qi & Zhu, 2005: 10-14, figs 18-34, tab. 1. Type specimens. Holotype, male; Paratypes, 2 males, China, Xizang, south region of Pulan, low valley of the river Kongque He, near to the border with Nepal, 7/1931. Hol- otype and 1 paratype deposited in the MNHN. One paratype deposited in MHBU. Distribution. Burang County (China). Key to genera of Scorpiones from Xizang 1 Orthobothriotaxic pattern type A; ventral aspect of leg tarsus with multiple ir- regular rows of setae, no trace of spinules; dorsal edge of cheliceral movable fin- ger with two basal denticles; hemispermatophore is flagelliform (Buthidae)....... 2 Orthobothriotaxic pattern type B or C; ventral aspect of leg tarsus with or without irregular setal rows, spinules present medially; dorsal edge of cheli- ceral movable finger with a single basal denticle; hemispermatophore is either FUSTORIN- OF TAIUENI ONIN cs cect ba voucennv'sustontn'snstesPaelstts ou tocte ty eden ga vewneTa io deinie eases Steadeat 3 Telson without subaculear tooth............cccccesseeeees Hottentotta Birula, 1908 Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 87 Telson with subaculear tooth pointed or rounded (/sometrus Ehrenberg, 1828), Trichobothrium db on chela of pedipalp situated between trichobo- thria et and est. Males of most species have longer segments of metasoma and often also wider manus than females; segments of pedipals are of equal length HOLS ECS Fy ra DI cata atl Subgenus Reddyanus Vachon, 1972 Orthobothriotaxic pattern type B; sternum is type 1; hemispermatophore is WSS OUD Dera Sapa Behe gta trata vy seh eateyis resamnath day Chaerilus Simon, 1877 Orthobothriotaxic pattern type C; sternum is type 2; hemispermatophore is LOTUS ONT 0 rs es ce Hie coon steed aauten dpa cared cand Agata TR GATS een 4. Legs with two pedal spurs (though one or more pedal spurs are lost in many troglobitic species); ventral aspect of leg tarsus equipped with moderately developed setal pairs and/or median row of spinules (configuration 5, see So- leglad & Fet, 2003); paraxial organ without reflection of internobasal sperm duct (Chactoidea, see Soleglad & Fet, 2003, p. 92-93: Key to the superfami- lies of parvorder [urida); chelal fingers equipped with inner accessory denti- cles (AD), outer denticles (OD) situated outside of median denticle (MD) row; major variable neobothriotaxy present, types Eul and Eu2; chelal palm is flat in appearance, carinae D3 and V2 essentially obsolete, angle formed by carinae D3: D4: D5 greater than 90° (Euscorpiidae, see Soleglad & Fet, 2003, p. 94: Key to the families of superfamily Chactoidea) ......... cece 5 Legs with one pedal spur (retrolateral spur absent, though this character is reversed in some bothriurid genera); ventral aspect of leg tarsus equipped with pairs of large limbated socketed setae, median spinule row optional (configuration 4, see Soleglad & Fet, 2003); paraxial organ with reflection of internobasal sperm duct(Scorpionoidea, see Soleglad & Fet, 2003, p. 92-93: Key to'the supertamilies:of parvorder lucida) ..2. ss: .scsestonedst Seeentaeeesesee 6 Tricho-bothrium £6, on external surface of chela is located between tricho- bothria Dt and Est. Telson vesicle/aculeus juncture with annular ring........... sad S ScmeaE Se EAS ca JOH elds ou RS oe RIES Se oe 8 SRS, Euscorpiops Vachon, 1980 Trichobothrium £6, on the external aspect of pedipalp chela located basally from trichobothrium Dt. Annular ring at vesicle/aculeus juncture absent..... AES CAMARA OVI I ALI RSI yD A Scorpiops Peters, 1861 Median ocular tubercle of carapace shallow, not raised above carapace sur- face; 2 pairs of lateral eyes; telotarsus with lateral lobes truncated; Fst located in middle of hand (Hemiscorpiidae, see Stockmann & Ythier, 2010: 201) .7 Median ocular tubercle raised up; 3 pairs of lateral eyes; telotarsus with lat- eral margins ending in rounded lobes; Est located in distal of hand (Scorpio- nidae, see Stockmann & Ythier, 2010, p. 201); pedipalp femur with three trichobothria; patella of pedipalp with 19 trichobothria, three on ventral and 13 on external surface; chela of pedipalp with 26 trichobothria; retrolateral pedal spurs absent; lateroapical margins of tarsi produced into rounded lobes; metasomal segments I to IV with paired ventral submedian carinae; stridula- 88 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) tory organ located on opposing surfaces of pedipalp coxa and first leg; total length: GOste SOs... eit aware titer Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 Chela trichobothrium d¢ present.......... cesses Liocheles Sundevall, 1833 Chela trichobothrium d absent....... Tibetiomachus Lourengo & Qi, 2006 Key to species of Family Chaerilidae from Xizang (China) 1 Movable finger of pedipalp with 7—8 rows of granules... cece eeeeeee 2 Movable finger of pedipalp with 10-14 rows of granules... eee 6 Chela‘leneth to: width ratio in-adulis"tO— le Bhscs.Se.tesee th Saleidontiaalieraenten diceaoyehes deemed ap deedtitaeemet C. conchiformus Zhu, Han & Lourengo, 2008 Chela length to width ratio in adults higher than 2.0.0... ee eeeeeeseeeeeeee 3 Ventral side of seventh mesosomal segment with 2 pair of granular carina, anterioranargin straight with:a-nvediam NOt... .eissssincedtwancsuneenecene reainan 4. Ventral side of seventh mesosomal segment with many granules but without carina, anterior margin straight without median notch ole eects 5 Pedipalp femur shorter than carapace; 8-9 minute teeth on inner ventral margins of movable and immovable fingers respectively... ee eeeeeeeseeseeeees ee Bnet eee inks ae tN he C. dibangvalleycus Bastawade, 2006 Pedipalp femur longer than carapace, 7-8 minute teeth on inner ventral mar- gins of movable and immovable fingers respectively... eeeeeeseseeseeeseeeeeees Oe Mes «AM aN LR Ae hte Re eel C. mainlingensis Di & Zhu, 2009 Manus of pedipalp in male narrow and long. Chela length/width ratio in maale Higher thal; .nee secs meee encmncsae toned cnvaeteet C. tryznai Kovarik, 2000 Manus of pedipalp in male robust. Chela length/width ratio in adults lower OVEN gO om RR A RO RD Ie OC, RAR A C. wrzecionkoi Kovarik 2012 Movable finger of pedipalp with 13-14 rows of granules; telson of male rath- er long and about 4.7 times longer than wide, with a obvious sexual dimor- PLIST tronics east AMS el trosceetie, Be Reoas tuit te te aniitsde C. pictus (Pocock, 1890) Movable finger of pedipalp with 11-12 rows of granules, telson of male and female without sexual dimorphism, manus lacks 1 dorsal carina ...............+- - Carapace, tergites nearly smooth in adults, chelicerae dorsal aspect without grantiles CZnus lan, Se4Ourenco, 2008 \r2.8 faked tebetnc cphselecubste'calnn sees baceabe bases ad Bb a eltp Resta serch eb ahs emt C. tessellatus Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005 Carapace, tergites with many big granules in adults, chelicerae dorsal aspect alge One 12 61 | ConA RRR RD Re RIO) C. tricostatus Pocock, 1899 Key to species of family Euscorpiidae from Xizang (China) 1 Trichobothrium £6 ,on external surface of chela is located between trichobothria Dt and Est. Telson vesicle/aculeus juncture with annular ring (Euscorpiops) ..... 2 10 1] Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 89 Trichobothrium £6, on the external aspect of pedipalp chela located basally from trichobothrium Dt. Annular ring at vesicle/aculeus juncture absent (SCOP P1OPS) 8. exec ver sistas eitca Sea sce tits hed oeatal oe dle as aes A Aaah ends Nat aaa 5 Number of trichobothria on external surface of pedipalp patella: 19 (5 ed, 2 CE RIO Ta RECT BM 2 1 Bee eee AD OR A or oct CEE RAE tote Ale Bp eden ert k 3 Number of trichobothria on external surface of pedipalp patella: 17-18 (5 eb, Dees Cis MESES DET iat. ARE dtc Nas RRBs bt oa aa.e Skies, Manet cert Sanctus hoa 4 Number of trichobothria on ventral surface of patella: 7; number of pecti- nal teeth: 4-5; movable finger longer than carapace and as long as pedipalp estan Utes Aa tke sensu ole Sel ter meson NG, eye ne E. kamengensis Bastawade, 2006 Number of trichobothria on ventral surface of patella: 9; pectinal teeth num- ber 8; movable finger as long as carapace and shorter than pedipalp femur ... a pey eae eUpRne Oe CO MeL ENS Ts RO: Oe amet mn eee E. novaki Kovarik, 2005 Female pedipalp fingers nearly straight ......... E. asthenurus (Pocock, 1900) Female pedipalp fingers obviously scalloped... eee eeseseeeeseeseeeseeseeseeeseenees se retrial sser Sirnles coin BO minis riek imae dra E. karschi Qi, Zhu & Lourenco, 2005 Fingers of pedipalps are straight or only slightly flexed in both sexes........... 6 Fingers-ot pedipalps-atelexed (etkved): in” both Sexesvins A cdenc'sBdccusnecal Ti Ventral trichobothria on patella number 6 (7 rarely), total length 30—42.1mm, pectinal teeth number 4—5, chela length to width ratio about 2.2.0.0... Sr ORR Rox, Aha tert raed end Aiea ae ae EU S. jendeki Kovatik, 2000 (Yunnan) Ventral trichobothria on patella number 7, total length 40-58 mm, pectinal teeth number 7-9, chela length to width ratio about 3.3-3.5 voces eee yah eee hunts NU ERe fo DREN Blin. ee Be te Nee A S. leptochirus Pocock, 1893 Male chela length to width ratio about 1.8—2.2; the manus with same or very similar length and width, fingers of pedipalps are very strongly flexed in the male; ventral trichobothria on patella number 6-8 0.0.0... eeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee ear ee ac sare Pea en Le S. hardwickii (Gervais, 1843) “complex” Male chela length to width ratio above 2.2; or the manus with length longer than width, or ventral trichobothria on patella number more than 8 .......... 8 Ocal len on iernOre LA iO SATA sonnets oxtoweiunnomesartorredbaabnbkemmes ee cetanhmesannant 9 Potaldeneth less: than 5 vinnie 2 he.n den conve taeneten Soceouticvede deve dtaaltee Nees teats 10 Mostly yellowish to yellow in adults, ventral patella of pedipalps with 9 PHENO POET ar ho ee S. luridus Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005 Mostly red brown in adults, ventral patella of pedipalps with 7 (rarely 6 or 8) (HgeelaCe]evoy Dt ai: Bu Mees Seep Ae ad Ue Na FO eas i BL A a S. petersii Pocock, 1893 Dorsally flat manus of pedipalps and chela of both sexes with length/width ratio: 2.1—2.2 (mean about 2.1 in males and 2.2 in females), total length 40:0=5.0-0 mits adults 6.2. See S. margerisonae Kovarik, 2000 Dorsally round manus of pedipalps or at least the chela of one sex with length to width ratio higher than 2.2 or total length higher than 50 mm............. 11 Total length more than 50 mm, chela strong, with length/width ratio: 2.0 in Mislerannd, 2eHeti LernAale, .f..ocaep de. His be ckee setae bowssadoc S. tibetanus Hirst, 1911 90 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) - dotalglen othwless: tna, 4 Ora Wie tac sb maesctsoees ei teat, seed sn a eascde oot Se ceesasoe tee 12 12 Chela of pedipalp length to width ratio about 2.6—3.0, dorsal surface of chela Ol PEdipAal py COATS Cre osc dyeescecat ceneeser cane eo cevsesenores ees! S. lhasa Di & Zhu, 2009 - Chela of pedipalp length to width ratio lower than 2.5, dorsal surface of chela of pedipalp smooth with luster .... S. atomatus Qi, Zhu & Lourengo, 2005 Scorpiops jendeki Kovaiik, 2000 http://species-id.net/wiki/Scorpiops_jendeki Figures 119-135, Table 3 Scorpiops jendeki Kovatik, 2000: 180, 182, figs 59-60, tabs 1-3. Scorpiops hardwickii jendeki: Kovatik, 1994: 62, figs 7-13, tab. 1; Fet, 2000b: 492. Scorpiops jendeki: Di et al., 2011b: 29-30, figs 118-122. Type locality. China, Yunnan, Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve 100 km west of Baoshan. Type material. Holotype, female, China, Yunnan, Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve 100 km west of Baoshan; 1 female paratype (NMPC), 4 females paratypes (FKCP), 14— 21/6/1993, E. Jendek and O. Sausa leg. Material examined. 3 females and 1 immature male (MHBU, Ar.- MHBU- YNLLO0801-4, 0804 is male), China, Yunnan Province, Baoshan City, Longling County, 7/2008, Ji-Shan Xu and Zhen-Hua Gao leg. Diagnosis. Total length is 30-42.1 mm. Patella with 17 external trichobothria (Seb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 4 et) (Fig. 127) and 6-7 ventral trichobothria (6 specimens, Fig. 128). Pectinal teeth count 4-5. Both males and females have fingers of pedipalps straight, without any flexure. The carapace bears very sparse large granules. S. jendeki appears to be closely related to S. hardwickei (Gervais, 1843), both spe- cies have the same number of external and ventral trichobothria on the patella, and a similar length/width ratio of chela; however, in the latter the fingers of pedipalps are strongly flexed. Description. (based on female specimen: Ar.- MHBU -YNMH0801). Coloration: mainly yellow. Carapace red brown with yellow stripe. Median and lat- eral ocular tubercles black. Tergites mostly dark red brown to dark brown with yellow stripe. Metasoma segments dark red brown to dark brown. Vesicle red yellow brown with brown stripe and a red brown aculeus. Chelicerae yellow brown with fingers dark red brown gradually lighter toward the tip. Pedipalp femur and patella dark red brown, chela manus and fingers red brown. Legs red brown with yellow stripe, tarsi yellow brown. Tarsal ungues yellowish brown. Sternum, genital operculum and sternites pale brown. Pectines yellowish. Morphology. Prosoma: Carapace with sparse, big granules (Fig. 120); anterior edge with big granules, lateral and posterior edges smooth; lateral furrow broad, anterior median furrow broad and moderately deep, posterior median furrow deep; margin behind lateral eyes with granules, other margins smooth. Median eyes situated ante- Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... Figure 119. Habitus of Scorpiops jendeki from Longling County, female, dorsal view. 91 92 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) y 121 122 ( Pea ccc] COCe Sex ne “Ce eee SS ee 3 a a ao ann & ~ cane” Renan = = aeee fa lata e Figures 120-131. Scorpiops jendeki from Longling County, female. 120 Carapace 121=122 Chelicera, dorsal and ventral aspects 123 Lateral eyes 124 Genital operculum and pectines 125 Femur dorsal aspect 126-128 Patella dorsal, external and ventral aspects 129 Metasomal segment V, ventral aspect 130 Tel- son, lateral aspect 131 Dentate margin of movable finger, showing rows of granules. Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 93 [ fA , . ry) pw / Fo > ! / [‘ PG ke OS t \- 5 i \* | r : ; , fe o } } ‘ eld 8 | c iy ‘ aS oe TES : a sak . \\ i RN ee f I fee nkt . Rah, } 2% 2 \y ne Q Fton Yom f iC a: oa a) fo 9% 9? | oO, f e a (al { f D.. 9 © 9. *) j y (es a A av | Oban. 2 “A, CC ns Q ie ae) Qe * frog : cc ** o% *> \ i a (c (F a Wes mm oO 3 Ben? * aD ): } a es fren Ge" Wa an ae | A PR ok GO ,.%% FA] tg le ; 3 ras * eo") a 9 “ & { ot 8 3) kg ; n Pod “J . \s if HM - a ‘ BY @ - n y i Ye & A °% C % & - 4? “) c ~ / is eg A =) ; ‘ 3 132 133 135 Figures 132-135. Scorpiops jendeki from Longling County, female. Chela dorsal, external, ventral and internal aspects. riorly compared to center of carapace; three pairs of lateral ocelli, posterior smallest (Fig. 123). Median ocular tubercle smooth with a pair of median eyes which are much larger than lateral eyes, and a median furrow. Lateral ocular tubercle with some gran- ules around eyes. Mesosoma: Tergites sparsely covered with coarse granules, posterior part of tergites with bigger granules; tergites III-VI with a median swell and two pairs of lateral cari- nae (shaped by bigger granules). Pectinal teeth count 4/4, fulcra absent (Fig. 124). Genital operculum subtriangular. Sternites smooth and shiny; segment VII with 4 smooth ventral carinae. Metasoma: Tegument coarse. Segments II to V longer than wide; segments I to V with respectively 10-8-8-8-7 carinae; ventromedian, ventrolateral carinae stronger distally, dorsal carinae with small granules, lateral carinae weaker distally; segment V carinae with smaller granules dorsally and larger serration ventrally (Fig. 129). Vesicle with few setae and granules. Aculeus short and slightly curved (Fig. 130). The bound- ary between vesicle and aculeus not sharp. Pedipalps: Tegument coarse. Femur with external, dorsointernal, dorsoexternal, ventrointernal, ventroexternal and internal carinae with round granules; tegument with few small granules dorsally (Fig. 125) and smooth ventrally. Patella (Figs 126- 128) with dorsointernal, dorsoexternal, ventrointernal, ventroexternal and external 94 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) carinae with round granules; two large spinoid granules present on the internal aspect; tegument with few granules dorsally and ventrally nearly smooth. Trichobothrial pat- tern C, neobothriotaxic (Vachon 1974); patella with 17 external trichobothria (5 eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 4 et), 6 ventral trichobothria. Chela with length/width ratio: 2.2 in adult males and 2.2—2.4 in adult females (2.2 on female holotype and a male specimen in Kovarik 2000b: 160, tab. 1) (Figs 131-135). Chela with dorsal marginal, exter- nal secondary, and ventrointernal carinae granulated. For position and distribution of trichobothria on the tibia of pedipalp see (Figs 132-135). Chelicerae: Tegument smooth. Movable finger with 4 teeth on dorsal edge, 4 teeth on ventral edge. Fixed finger with 3 teeth on dorsal edge (Figs 121, 122). Legs: Tegument coarsely granular dorsally, except basitarsi and telotarsi, smooth ventrally. Femur dorsal surface with few small granules, external surface with a granu- lar carina, internal surface with two granular carinae. Patella internally with a dentate carina. Tibia with few setae and small granules, without spurs. Basitarsi with some spi- nules, few setae and 2 lateral pedal spurs. Tarsi ventrally with one row of short spinules and few setae. Tarsal ungues curved and hook-like. Variation. Female and male materials: coloration and morphology are very similar to holotype. Sexual dimorphism is not distinct. Total length is 30-42.1mm. 6-7 ventral tricho- bothria on the patella of pedipalps. Pectinal teeth count 4-5. Measurements in Table 3. Ecology. This species is uncommon, collected from moist mixed forest and in the bark or leavers and moss. Distribution. Yunnan (China). Discussion ‘Twenty-six scorpion species of 7 genera and 5 families (Buthidae: Hottentotta (1 species), Isometrus(1); Chaerilidae: Chaerilus (8); Euscorpiidae: Euscorpiops (4), Scorpiops (10); Hemiscorpiidae: Tibetiomachus (1); Scorpionidae: Heterometrus (1)) were recorded in Xi- zang, all of them distribute in south and the north shores of Yarlung Zangbo Jiang: south of 31°N, bound on the north by the Burang - Lhasa- Maizhokunggar - Gongbo’gvamda - Bomé line (Figs 136-139). In them, 20 of 26 recorded species are endemic (76.9%). In China, the closest area of scorpion fauna with Xizang is Yunan. Except one Scorpiops sp. was found in Hubei, all of euscorpiids were found in Xizang and Yunnan. Species of the genera Scorpiops and Euscorpiops are dominant, with confined distribu- tion and not overlapped in Xizang and Yunnan. All of the species of family Chaerilidae found in China are living in Xizang. Qinghai, Sichuan and Xinjiang, are also with border on of Xizang. In Qinghai, just Mesobuthus martensii martensii (Karsch, 1879) reported in its northeast (Zhu et al., 2004; Zhang & Zhu, 2009). There is no scorpion species reported in Sichuan (Zhu et al., 2004). In Xinjiang, species genera of the fam- ily Buthidae recorded (Mesobuthus (7 species and subspecies), Razianus (1)) (Zhu et al., 2004; Lourenco et al., 2010; Sun and Sun, 2011). Mesobuthus martensii martensii (Karsch, 1879) and M. eupeus mongolicus (Birula 1911) found in South of Gansu Notes on the scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) from Xizang with the redescription... 95 139 Figure 136-139. 136 Map of Xizang (China), showing the localities of the Chaerilus species. Map ab- breviations: a (ellipse and rhombus) C. conchiformus b (round) C. dibangvalleycus c (rhombus) C. mainlin- gensis d (triangle and round) C. tryznai (macula) e (star) C. tricostatus f (pentagram) C. pictus g (triangle) C. wrzecionkot h (ellipse, triangle and macula) C. tessellatus. The red line showing the scorpions appears to be restricted to latitude north of 31°N, bordered by Burang - Lhasa- Maizhokunggar - Gongbo’gvamda — Bomé line 137 Map of Xizang (China), showing the localities of Euscorpiops species. Map abbrevia- tions: a (triangle) E. asthenurus b (pentagram) E. kamengensis c (thombus) E. karschi d (round) E. novaki 138 Map of Xizang (China), showing the localities of Scorpiops species, Heterometrus tibetanus and Hottentotta songi. Map abbreviations: a (round) S. atomatus, S. langxian and S. luroris b (black triangle) S. leptochirus c (pentagram) S. Lhasa d (ellipse) S. margerisonae e (square) S. tibetanus f (yellow rhombus) Scorpiops pococki g (purple rhombus) Heterometrus tibetanus h (green triangle), Hottentotta songi 139 Map of China, showing the localities of Scorpios species. Map abbreviations: a (pentagon), Scorpiops sp. from Hubei (Huzhaoshan Mountains) b (rhombus), S. jendeki from Yunnan (Gaoligongshan Mountains) c (green part), the area rich in Scorpiops (Xizang). which also belong to Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (Sun and Sun, 2011). We conjecture the vast area of gap of scorpion distribution in the north of Xizang and the south of Qinghai is caused by the cold and clammy climate. So the scorpion fauna of Xizang isn't related to Qinghai and Xinjiang. In the world, the 7 genera found in Xizang were recorded distributing to the south of Xizang. Modern species of genera Chaerilus, Euscorpiops and Scorpiops are limited to trop- ical areas of South Asia and Southeast Asia, although they reached considerable altitudes 96 Lhiyong Di et al. / ZooKeys 301: 51-99 (2013) in Kashmir, Nepal, and Tibet (Kovarik, 2000a, 2000b). ‘The distribution of the species of genera Hottentotta, lsometrus, Heterometrus and the close related genera of Tibetioma- chus also suggest the scorpion fauna of Xizang is close to South Asia and Southeast Asia. Acknowledgements We are grateful to Professors Victor Fet and Wilson R. Lourenco who provided refer- ences and valuable advices, in particular, for linguistic improvement. Sincere apprecia- tion goes to Mr. Jan Ove Rein for providing references. Thanks are due to Miss Liging Fan for collecting the specimens. 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